Metaphorical Signs in Computed Tomography of Chest and Abdomen

Description:

This richly illustrated book is devoted to radiologists’ ever-growing interest in discovering metaphors relevant for diagnostic imaging. In its second and completely revised edition, the book contains nearly 800 illustrations and descriptions of about 200 classic radiological signs of chest and abdominal diseases. These signs are based on metaphors from our daily environment and the world around us.

By correlating the results of Computed Tomography (CT) with these vivid and descriptive images, readers will be able to memorize typical and often pathognomonic patterns of disease more quickly and easily. This book will be of value to both radiology residents and more experienced radiologists consultants.

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Preface To the Second Edition

The knowledge of radiology and, in particular, computed tomography is largely based on pictorial features, to which we are looking for associations with images of objects and environmental phenomena, that is, we attach certain signs with metaphorical content to each of them. No other specialty has as many metaphorical signs as radiology. The popularity of metaphor as a means of naming a radiological feature has been growing exponentially in recent years, which is evidence that a metaphor can increase interest in distinctive features, speed up, and simplify their memorization in the learning process. But metaphor requires more vivid images than mere analogy or symbolism. Some of the metaphorical signs (such as GROUND GLASS, TREE-IN-BUD) have become integral parts of the educational process. Others turned out to be not too bright and understandable or doubtful from a diagnostic point of view and are currently perceived as radiological curiosities. A good metaphor is able to firmly connect an important radiologic feature with a familiar object, develops figurative thinking, which is so valued in radiology. Metaphorical signs have expanded and continue to enrich the vocabulary of the radiologist, make routine work more romantic.

More than 7 years have passed since the publication of the first edition. During this time, interest in metaphorical signs has grown so much that only the lazy one does not come up with new images, even your humble servant. The second edition is also supplemented with new signs, some of which are united into thematic groups.

I will not get tired in the wrong theater of shadows Perfection to seek until the end of my days. I affirm: your face is brighter than the sun.

I affirm: your stature is slimmer than the cypress.— (Omar Khayyam)

Study and memorize metaphorical signs in radiology, and you will improve your professional level by an order of magnitude.

Table of contents :
Preface To the Second Edition
Contents
Saber-Sheath Trachea or Scabbard Deformation
Reference
Eggshell Calcification and Rim Enhancement
References
Split Pleura Sign
Reference
Consolidation, Bulging Fissure Sign or Lobar Consolidation and Air Bronchograms Sign or Open Bronchus Sign
References
Ground-Glass Opacity and Dark Bronchus Sign
Reference
Bat Wing, Butterfly or Angel Wing Sign
Reference
Intralobular Gradient Resembling Traditional Chinese Landscape Paintings of Karst Mountain Tops
Reference
Crazy-Paving Sign or Paving Stone Sign
Reference
Honeycomb Lung
Reference
Moth-Eaten Cloth Sign
Vanishing Lung and Double-Wall Sign
References
Mosaic Perfusion or Mosaic Lung Sign
References
Air Trapping
Reference
Swiss Cheese Appearance and Head Cheese Sign
References
Feeding Vessel Sign or Fruits on the Branch Sign
Reference
Miliary Dissemination, Snowstorm Sign, and Cannonball Metastases
Sandstorm Sign, Black Pleural Line, and Stony Lung Signs
Reference
Pseudocavitations and Cheerios Sign or Puncher Sign
References
Halo Sign
Reference
Sunburst Sign, Corona Radiata or Corona Maligna Sign
Reference
Tail Sign, Pleural Tags, Rabbit’s Ears, Pleural Tail Sign
Reference
Positive Bronchus Sign and Navel-Like Retraction, Rigler Notch Sign, Rigler Sign
References
Popcorn Calcification, Target Calcification, and Bull’s Eye Calcification
Birds on a Wire
Galaxy Sign
Reference
Potato Nodes, Sarcoid-Type Adenopathy, 1-2-3 Pattern, Pawnbroker’s Sign, and Cluster of Black Pearls Sign
References
Rounded Atelectasis, Comet Tail Sign, and Crow’s Foot Sign
Reference
Tree-in-Bud Sign or Toy “Jacks”
Reference
Air Crescent, Air Sickle Sign or Monod Sign, Rattle Sign
Reference
Signet Ring Sign, Tram-Tracking Sign (Tram Lines), String of Pearls (String of Cysts), and Cluster of Grapes (Cluster of Cysts)
Reference
Peribronchial Cuffing or Donut Sign
Gloved-Fingers, Finger-in-Glove or Hand-in-Glove Sign
Reference
Reversed Halo or Atoll Sign and Bird’s Nest Sign (Vogelnest)
References
Arcade-Like Sign or Perilobular Pattern, Ring of Fire, and Target Sign
References
Dry Leaf Sign
Reference
Hampton’s Hump and Melting Sign (Melting Ice Cubes), Parachute Sign
References
Discoid (Linear, Plate, or Band) Atelectasis, Fleischner Lines
Reference
Mesa, Tafelberg, or Table Mountain Sign
Pleural Mouse, Fibrin Body, Fibrin Ball, and Thoracolith
Reference
Tip of the Iceberg Sign
Horseshoe Lung and Pig Bronchus or Bronchus Suis
Ring Around Artery Sign, Double Bronchial Wall Sign
Reference
Coffee-Bean and Snake-Jaws Appearances
Reference
Egg and Banana Sign
Reference
Railway Track Sign, Polo Mint Sign, Knuckle Sign, Saddle Embolism, and Tadpole
Reference
Pulmonary Arterial Bands and Webs
References
White Pulmonary Arteries
Reference
Panzerherz (Armoured Heart)
Reference
Dynamic Mercedes Benz Sign
Reference
Sentinel Clot Sign and Hematocrit Effect
References
Clefts of the Thrombus With Seeping Blood (Thrombus Fissuration) and High-Attenuating (Hyperdense) Crescent Sign
References
Tangential Calcium Sign, Daughter Aneurysms, and Beret Sign or Mushroom Sign
Reference
Draped Aorta Sign
Reference
Intimal Flap, Tennis Ball Sign, Beak Sign, and Cobweb Sign
References
Fish Hook
Reference
String of Beads, Accordion-Pleating, or String of Short Sausages
Reference
Fatty Liver (Foie Gras), Marble Liver, and Geographic Liver
White Liver Sign
Periportal Halo, Periportal Rings or Collars, and Periportal Tracking (Tram Lines)
Reference
Boxing Glove Sign, Confluent Fibrosis, Lacework Fibrosis, Salt and Pepper Sign, Bull’s Eye Sign
References
Cluster or Cluster of Grapes Sign and Circles (Ripples) on the Water or Double Target Sign
References
Floating Membranes, Snake or Serpent Sign, and Water Lily (Camalote) Sign
Iris or Eye Diaphragm Sign, Blood Pool, Bright Dot Sign, Peripheral Puddles Pattern, and Clouds of Contrast Enhancement
Stellate Scar Sign or Fibrous Body and Spoke-Wheel Sign or Spider-Like Appearance
Reference
Funeral Frame Sign, Complete Ring or Rim Sign
Reference
Scalloping of Liver and Spleen
Reference
Central Dot Sign
Reference
Hepatic Hot Spot or Hot Quadrate Sign
Reference
Bear Claw Lacerations
Reference
Double Duct Sign
Reference
Double-Wall Sign
Arch Bridge or Tensile Gallbladder Fundus Sign
Reference
Mercedes Benz Sign
Reference
Porcelain or Incrusted Bladder Sign
Reference
Annular Pancreas and Crocodile Jaw Sign, Portal Annular Pancreas
References
Chain of Lakes Sign or String of Beads and Sausage-Like Form of Pancreas With Hypodense Rim
Reference
Spoke-Wheel Sign or Stellate Scar, Honeycomb or Sponge-Like Mass
Baby Kidney (Persistent Fetal Lobulation) and Hypertrophied Column of Bertin (Prominent Column of Bertin)
Reference
Dromedary Hump, Horseshoe, and Pancake Kidneys
Reference
Spur, Claw, or Beak Sign
Faceless Kidney Sign and Kippah (Skullcap or Yarmulke) Sign
Reference
White Pyramids Sign
Reference
Stellate Scar Sign, Spoke-Wheel Sign, and Segmental Enhancement Inversion
References
Swiss Cheese Sign (Kidneys)
Putty-Like Calcification
Reference
Crescent Sign
Reference
Fan (Ragged Fan) Sign, Wedge-Shaped or Striated Nephrogram, and Spotted (Patchy) Nephrogram
References
Reverse Rim Sign and Tramline Calcification
Arterial Cut-Off Sign and Cortical Rim Sign or Rim Nephrogram
Reference
Bear Paw Sign
Reference
Staghorn (Coral) Calculi, Toy “Jacks,” Mulberry Stones, Seed Calculi, and Milk of Calcium
Ball-On-Tee (Golf Ball-On-Tee Appearance) or Egg in Cup Appearance, Lobster Claw, and Signet Ring Appearances or Bottle Opener
Reference
Pyramidal Blush, Sunburst or Spray-Like Sign, Paintbrush Appearance, and Bouquet of Flowers Appearance
Reference
Soft-Tissue Rim Sign and Comet Tail Sign or Tail Sign (True and Pseudo)
References
Cobra Head or Spring Onion Sign
Reference
Napoleon’s Hat, Ballerina Legs, Sperm, Tadpole, Spirochete, and Sausage-Like Deformity
Comb Sign, Spray, Constellation, and Vascular Jejunization of the Ileum
Reference
Stratified Attenuation, Water Halo Sign, Double Halo Sign, and Target Sign
Reference
Fat Halo Sign (Submucosal Fat Accumulation)
Reference
Accordion Sign (Concertina Sign)
Reference
Small Bowel Feces Sign
Reference
Target Sign, Sausage-Shaped (Layering or Stratification), and Reniform Bowel
Reference
Whirlpool or Whirl, Swirl, Whirling Sign
Reference
Rim Enhancement or Target Sign
Hyperattenuating Ring Sign
Reference
Omental Cake Sign
Sandwich or Hamburger Sign
Reference
Dirty Fat Sign
Misty Mesentery Sign and Fat Halo Sign or Fat Ring Sign
Reference
Index