Childhood Hearing Health and Early Language Exposure
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- Title: Helping Our Toddlers, Developing Our Children’s Skills
- Author: Parul Bhatia, MD a, *, Julie Rems-Smario, EdD b, Katrin Jaradeh, BS c, Dylan K. Chan, MD, PhD
- Publisher: Elsevier Inc
- Publication: 2022
- Language: English
- Pages: 17
- Format: PDF
- File size: 618 KB
- DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2022.04.003
Implementation of the universal newborn hearing screening has changed the landscape for children born deaf or hard of hearing, and with this, pediatricians must be knowledgeable about the screening and referral process, state protocols, and how to support patients and their families in their unique journeys. Early access to language—spoken, signed, both—forms the foundation for successful outcomes for the development of fluent language. For children using spoken language, early access to sound is critical and can often be achieved with the assistance of hearing devices, even in the newborn period. For all language modalities, state-funded Deaf mentor programs allow families to have meaningful exposure to the Deaf community. The authors come from different professions in the health care and education fields, including General Pediatrics, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, and the state Department of Education, and use different languages, including spoken and American Sign Language.
Key points
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Use positive terminology when discussing hearing health and language opportunities with patients and families.
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Advocate for deaf or hard of hearing children to have the earliest possible exposure to rich language, whether spoken, signed, or a combination, with the goal of developing age-appropriate language milestones.
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Understand the short critical window for auditory pathway development in early childhood, therefore necessitating timely and adequate access to sound for patients who choose spoken communication. This typically necessitates a hearing aid or cochlear implant early in life.
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Pay careful attention to thoughtful delivery of culturally sensitive care when working with families from ethnic/linguistic minorities.
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Recognize risk factors for progressive or late onset hearing levels and rescreen in the appropriate time frame, typically within 3 to 9 months from occurrence.
In discussing hearing health and early language exposure in children, the authors seek to present information in an inclusive manner for persons of different cultural backgrounds. Additionally, and equally important, we strive to approach children with different physical traits using descriptive terms rather than terms that suggest inferiority. Regarding the diverse group of individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), we would like to bring awareness to terms often used in the medical literature that create a sense of otherness. The authors come from different professions in the health care and education fields, including General Pediatrics, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS), and the state Department of Education and use different languages, including spoken and American Sign Language (ASL). The authors understand that the strength of our society is in our diversity, and the incredible value of this diversity surfaced in the preparation of this article.
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