Mitral valve stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the mitral valve, which is the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. This narrowing restricts blood flow between these chambers and can lead to various symptoms and complications. Here are the key points about mitral valve stenosis:
Causes:
1. Rheumatic fever: It is a complication of untreated strep throat infections. The infection triggers an immune response that can damage the heart valves, including the mitral valve.
2. Calcium buildup: Over time, calcium deposits can accumulate around the mitral valve, causing it to become stiff and narrowed. This is more common with aging.
3. Congenital defect: Some individuals may be born with a malformed mitral valve, leading to stenosis later in life.
4. Chronic diseases: Certain chronic conditions can also contribute to the development of mitral valve stenosis.
Signs and Symptoms:
– Shortness of breath
– Cough
– Wheezing or noisy breathing
– Fatigue or decreased energy
– Palpitations (fast or irregular heartbeats)
– Heart murmur (abnormal sound heard during a heartbeat)
– Chest pain
– Pain in the arm, neck, jaw, or face
– Swollen feet or ankles
– Hoarse voice
– Pink and purple patches of skin on the face
Diagnosis:
– Physical examination, during which the healthcare provider listens to the heart for abnormal sounds (heart murmur).
– Various tests, such as echocardiogram, electrocardiogram (ECG), exercise stress tests, cardiac catheterization, and chest X-rays.
Treatment:
The treatment for mitral valve stenosis depends on its severity and may include:
– Medications to regulate heart rate and blood pressure.
– Blood thinners (anticoagulants) to prevent blood clots.
– Antibiotics to prevent infections, especially before dental procedures.
– Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty: A procedure where a catheter with a tiny balloon is used to open the narrowed mitral valve.
– Open heart surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve.
Lifestyle Changes:
– Avoid using products containing nicotine or tobacco.
– Maintain a healthy weight.
– Engage in safe physical activities as advised by the healthcare provider.
– Limit caffeine and alcohol intake.
– Reduce salt (sodium) in the diet and eat a heart-healthy diet.
General Instructions:
– Inform your dentist about your mitral valve stenosis before dental procedures to potentially prevent heart infections.
– Seek medical advice before becoming pregnant.
– Attend all follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider.
Emergency Situations:
Seek immediate medical help if experiencing symptoms like chest pain, difficulty breathing, palpitations, sudden weight gain, swelling in feet/ankles/legs, trouble staying awake, fainting, or confusion.
Please note that this information is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance and recommendations regarding your specific condition.