Mitral Valve Replacement

Mitral valve replacement is a surgical procedure to replace a damaged mitral valve with an artificial valve. There are three types of prosthetic valves available for this procedure: mechanical valves made entirely from prosthetic materials, donor valves from human cadavers (used in specific situations), and biological valves made from animal tissues. The surgery can be performed in three ways: traditional mitral valve replacement with a large chest incision, minimally invasive mitral valve replacement with a smaller chest incision, or transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) using a catheter inserted into a vein in the groin.

Preparation for the Procedure:

Before the procedure, inform your healthcare provider about any allergies, medications, previous surgeries, medical conditions, and whether you are pregnant. Follow the specific instructions regarding eating and drinking restrictions before the surgery. Stop using nicotine or tobacco products at least four weeks before the procedure.

Risks of the Procedure:

Although generally considered safe, potential risks include infection of the new valve, bleeding, allergic reactions to medicines, damage to other structures or organs, heart rhythm problems, blood clotting caused by the new valve (requiring lifelong treatment with blood-thinning medication for mechanical valves), and valve failure.

During the Procedure:

You will be given a general anesthetic to make you sleep during the surgery. An IV will be inserted, and a tube will be placed in your throat to help you breathe. Your heart may be cooled to slow or stop the heartbeat. The damaged mitral valve will be removed, and the prosthetic valve will be sewn into place. The incisions will be closed using stitches, staples, skin glue, or adhesive strips.

After the Procedure:

You will be closely monitored for your blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood oxygen levels. Pain medicine will be provided if you experience chest pain. If you have a mechanical valve, you will receive blood-thinning medication to prevent blood clots. You may stay in the intensive care unit for close monitoring. You will be encouraged to walk as soon as possible and perform breathing exercises to keep your lungs clear. As you recover, you will be moved to a regular hospital room and may wear compression stockings to prevent blood clots and reduce leg swelling.

Summary:

Mitral valve replacement is a surgical procedure to replace a damaged mitral valve with an artificial valve. There are three types of prosthetic valves available, and the surgery can be performed through traditional, minimally invasive, or transcatheter approaches. Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions carefully before and after the procedure to ensure a successful recovery.

Please note that this information is not intended to replace medical advice from your healthcare provider. Be sure to discuss any questions or concerns you have about the procedure with your healthcare provider.