Update on Pediatric and Young Adult Mature Lymphomas
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- Title: Update on Pediatric and Young Adult Mature Lymphomas
- Author: Emily F. Mason MD, PhD and Alexandra E. Kovach MD
- Publication: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
- Publisher: Elsevier Inc
- Year: 2021
- Language: English
- Pages: 29
- Format: PDF
- File size: 5.951 KB
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cll.2021.03.018
- CBID: CBR290
After acute leukemia and brain and central nervous system tumors, mature lymphomas represent the third most common cancer in pediatric patients. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma accounts for approximately 60% of lymphoma diagnoses in children, with the remainder representing Hodgkin lymphoma. Among non-Hodgkin lymphomas in pediatric patients, aggressive lymphomas, such as Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, predominate. This article summarizes the epidemiologic, histopathologic, and molecular features of selected mature systemic B-cell and T-cell lymphomas encountered in this age group.
Key points
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Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma occurs in children and must be distinguished from reactive and more aggressive neoplastic mimics.
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Mature B-cell lymphomas in children are predominantly high-grade subtypes, including Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
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Indolent B-cell lymphomas affecting children include pediatric-type follicular lymphoma and pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma.
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Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive, represents the most common mature T-cell lymphoma in pediatrics.
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Other T-cell lymphomas are rare in children and may raise consideration for underlying immunodeficiency.
Introduction
After acute leukemia and brain and central nervous system tumors, mature lymphomas represent the third most common cancer in pediatric patients. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounts for approximately 60% of lymphoma diagnoses in children, with the remainder representing Hodgkin lymphomas. This article summarizes the epidemiologic, histopathologic, and molecular features of selected mature systemic B-cell and T-cell lymphomas encountered in this age group ( Box 1 ), including several entities introduced in the most recent update of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Differential diagnoses are reviewed in Table 1 (also see Tables 3 and 5 ) and are focused on the pediatric and adolescent age group.
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