Digital Therapy: The New Age of Healthcare

Introduction

France, Germany and Russia, along with most countries in the world, have been confronted at least once in their history with unprecedented phenomena involving increases in serious chronic pathologies that affected all sectors of activity.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines chronic diseases as “any health problem that requires ongoing management over several years, usually resulting in long-stay hospital admissions and intensive care”.

As a reminder, chronic diseases affect more than 30% of adults in developed countries, cause the premature death of more than 550,000 people of working age each year and account for more than 75% of healthcare spending in European countries.

According to the IMS-Health Continuous Prescription Survey (CPPS), between the ages of 25 and 64, the top three reasons for ambulatory care are, in almost equal proportions, cardiovascular disease, diseases of the respiratory system and diseases of the osteoarticular system.

Among those 65 years and older, osteoarthritis, lower back pain or other chronic back injury and high blood pressure are the most frequently reported conditions or health problems…

Table of contents :

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Introduction
Part 1. Medical Innovation
Chapter 1. A Conceptual Framework for Health Innovations
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Defining innovation
1.2.1. Different levels of innovation
1.2.2. Endogenous factors of disruptive innovation in digital health
1.2.3. Exogenous factors of disruptive innovation in digital health
Chapter 2. The Covid-19 Pandemic, an Exogenous Factor of Innovation
2.1. Origin
2.2. How the pandemic began
2.2.1. January 24, 2020: first cases of infection with the new virus in Europe reported by the WHO
2.2.2. January 28, 2020: implementation of the first measure of the European Union’s health crisis management plan
2.2.3. March 8, 2020: quarantine of the northern part of Italy
2.2.4. March 10–12, 2020: financial support measures announced by the European Union
2.2.5. March 11, 2020: the WHO reclassifies the “epidemic” as a “pandemic”
2.3. Covid-19: digital therapy as a response to the fight against the pandemic
2.3.1. Advanced imaging techniques for diagnosis
2.3.2. Telemedicine
2.3.3. Smart epidemiological maps
2.3.4. Detecting the virus using intelligent tests
2.3.5. Treatment of the disease using simulation analysis and decision support techniques
2.4. Conclusion
Chapter 3. Digital Therapy: For Which Health Needs?
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Background on digital health needs
3.3. Expressing health needs within populations
3.4. Examining the proposed digital technologies
3.4.1. AI-assisted remote patient monitoring
3.4.2. AI-assisted telemedicine
3.4.3. AI techniques
3.4.4. Robotics technology in health
3.4.5. Supply chain with drones
3.5. Mapping the population’s digital health needs
3.6. Conclusion
Chapter 4. AI Techniques Involved in the Design of Innovative Solutions
4.1. Applied health techniques
4.1.1. Automatic learning
4.1.2. Natural language processing
4.1.3. Signal processing and computer vision
4.1.4. Artificial neural networks
4.2. Examples of AI techniques in health
4.2.1. Multi-agent systems for designing solutions for gene recognition through medical imaging
4.2.2. Multi-agent systems or distributed AI to enable the design of solutions for predictive medicine
4.2.3. Autonomous robotics and signal processing for decision support solutions: diagnosis and therapy
4.2.4. ML and augmented reality for diagnosis assistance based on holomedicine concepts
4.2.5. Natural language processing and ML for remote monitoring of physiological parameters
4.2.6. Robotics and human language for supply management
4.3. Ecosystem of actors involved in the design of innovative solutions
4.4. Some challenges of AI
4.4.1. Artificial form of surveillance capitalism
4.4.2. Cyberattacks
4.4.3. Cost of assessing AI-assisted technologies in health
Chapter 5. Comparative Analysis of the Diffusion of Innovative Solutions between 2020 and 2030
5.1. Origin of the data for the analysis
5.2. Data analysis
5.2.1. View by country
5.2.2. General view
5.3. Presentation of AI health initiatives
5.3.1. Creation of platforms integrating AI
5.3.2. Diagnostic assistance solutions using AI techniques
5.3.3. Creating intelligent solutions for medical research
5.4. Overview of health AI legislation
5.4.1. European approach to AI regulation
5.4.2. Regulating and supporting AI in healthcare
5.4.3. Scaling up AI regulatory policy in line with medical practice
5.4.4. Reception of the regulatory proposals
5.5. Conclusion
Part 2. Digital Therapy and its Transformative Approach
Chapter 6. Strategies for the Sustainable Adoption of Digital Health Innovation
6.1. Introduction: adopting digital health technology
6.2. State of the art of digital health advice
6.2.1. Digital technologies for more efficient quality of care
6.2.2. Hospital at home
6.2.3. Evidence of sound and reliable comprehensive scientific data from the use of digital health technology
6.2.4. Societal beliefs
6.3. Theory of adoption of health technology solutions
6.4. General factors in the adoption of DHTs
6.5. Ecosystem of actors promoting the adoption of technology initiatives
6.5.1. Ecosystem of actors for the adoption of a health innovation
6.5.2. Adoption of digital technology by patients and the general public
6.6. Conclusion
Chapter 7. Indicators of Change in Healthcare Systems
7.1. Introduction
7.2. New governance that calls for the consolidation of a hospital business model
7.2.1. Case study: Canada
7.3. Internationalization of digital health activities
7.3.1. Case study: France
7.4. Conclusion
Chapter 8. A Radical Change in the Care System
8.1. Introduction
8.2. New organization of the health system
8.2.1. Creation of a single European cloud for medical care and research
8.2.2. Creation of a “one-stop shop” per continent for the development of research and development programs
8.2.3. Changing rules in the calls for projects
8.2.4. A new strategy for the production of scientific content
8.2.5. A new strategy to accelerate digital health innovations
8.3. Conclusion
Appendix: Mapping Digital Innovations in Health
Glossary
References
Index