Cancer incidence trends in the Czech Republic
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- Title: Cancer incidence trends in the Czech Republic
- Author: Lucie Pehalova a,b,*, Denisa Krejci a,b, Lenka Snajdrova a, Ladislav Dusek a,b
- Publication: Cancer Epidemiology
- Publisher: Elsevier Inc
- Year: 2021
- Language: English
- Pages: 8
- Format: PDF
- File size: 786 KB
- DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.101975
- CBID: CBR356
Highlights
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In the period 1977–2018, the age-standardised incidence of malignant neoplasms rapidly increased in the Czech Republic.
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The largest increase in trend was observed for melanoma skin cancer, while the largest decrease was shown for stomach cancer.
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A significant positive impact on incidence trends was observed for colorectal and cervical cancer screening programmes.
Abstract
Background
Evaluation of time trends is an integral part of a comprehensive analysis of cancer data. Our study aimed to assess trends in cancer incidence in the period 1977–2018 in the Czech Republic.
Methods
Cancer data were obtained from the Czech National Cancer Registry. Incidence trends were evaluated using the joinpoint regression. The overall trend for the entire analysed period and the current trend for the last 10 years were determined using the average annual percentage change.
Results
In the period 1977–2018, the age-standardised incidence (European standard) of malignant neoplasms excluding non-melanoma skin cancers increased from 518.2 to 681.9 cases per 100,000 population in men, and from 320.9 to 467.2 in women. The largest increase in trend in the analysed period was observed for melanoma, which showed an average annual increase of 4.0 % in men and 3.3 % in women. Over the last decade, a significant increase has been observed for head and neck cancer and oesophageal cancer, mainly in women. On the contrary, the largest decrease in trend in the analysed period was observed for stomach cancer, with an average decrease of 2.9 % in men and 2.8 % in women. Over the last 10 years, a highly significant decrease has also been observed for colorectal cancer: 3.2 % in men and 2.8 % in women. The largest difference in trend between the sexes was recorded in lung cancer: a steady decline of 1.3 % per year was observed for men, but an increase of 3.1 % per year was demonstrated for women. After the introduction of colorectal and cervical cancer screening programmes, a significant decrease of incidence rates for these diagnoses was observed.
Conclusions
Knowledge of the current cancer burden in the population and its time trends will help to prioritise targets and future resource allocation to cancer control.
1
Introduction
In the long term, cancer has been one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide [ ]. In 2018, there were 87,361 newly diagnosed cases of cancer and 27,699 cancer-related deaths in the Czech Republic [ ]. The Czech Republic is one of the countries with the highest burden of cancer in Europe and worldwide [ ]. This country’s incidence rates for several cancer types have even been among the highest in global statistics: for example, Czech kidney cancer and pancreatic cancer incidence rates rank second and fifth worldwide, respectively. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the Czech Republic, after cardiovascular disease. These statistics show that cancer is a significant health burden for the Czech population.
Reduction of cancer burden cannot be done without a comprehensive analysis of high-quality data; this includes a time-trend analysis, which can be helpful in revealing relationships between certain risk factors or protective factors and the disease of interest. The time-trend analysis can also serve as a tool to evaluate the effectiveness of a specific therapeutic or detection method (screening programmes, for example). Three organised screening programmes (for colorectal cancer, breast cancer and cervical cancer) are currently running in the Czech Republic [ ].
Our study provides a comprehensive evaluation of incidence trends for selected cancer diagnoses, based on data from a nationwide database from the period 1977–2018. Knowledge of time trends is essential for a correct setting and planning of cancer care. Our study also focuses on the impact assessment of introduction of individual screening programmes.
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