Top Articles in Primary Care

Description:

This book reviews, in one place, the breadth of articles that form the basis for the current practice of medicine. When physicians examine medical literature, there are articles that are quoted over and over again, as well as articles that have established the standards that are so embedded that we no longer think of where those standards came from. When clinicians treat patients with diabetes, why do we aim for an A1c less than 7%? That standard comes primarily from two trials, the DPPT and the UKPDS trial, both of which broke new ground when they were published. In addition, the ACCORD trial informed us that a lower A1c goal does not improve outcomes, and may in fact lead to worse outcomes. Understanding these trials helps physicians to make better decisions for their patients and gives them a greater appreciation for the information they work with every day.
The chapters are organized by system such as respiratory, cardiovascular, diabetes, etc. and within each system, in the chronological order of publication. Each article reviewed includes a succinct overview of methodology and the results, followed by a discussion that puts the results into clinical context. All articles are selected and chapters written by primary care physicians who understand what is relevant to the intended audience for the book.

Written by experts in the field, Top Articles Every Clinician Should Know provides readers with one source where information can be found about the most important articles published in the medical literature that informs the way clinicians practice primary care today.

Introduction

Program for over thirty years. During that time, we have learned more, argued more, joked more, and just had more fun together and with our colleagues than any two people should to be allowed to have over the course of a career. All the time with unending respect for each other’s intellect, empathy and humor.

We’ve taken care of patients and we’ve taught patient care.

Most relevant to this project, we’ve shared a love of ideas and the medical literature, and how that literature can be applied to patient care.

All of this is the backstory to this book—a love of the medical literature and a belief that an understanding and appreciation of that literature can enhance our lives as physicians, as well as the lives of our residents, students and patients.

We know that there is no one right answer to what are the top articles in primary care. All of us have our favorites, and inevitably there will be articles here that you will think should not have been included in such esteemed company, and you will have favorites that have been left out. This book will always be a work in progress, it has to be. There is a good chance that a new top article describing a critically important discovery for patients may come out next week. Don’t hesitate to let us know if there is an article that you feel should be in here which was not, we’ll seriously consider it for our next edition.

We want to take this opportunity to thank a hospital system that supports an academic community hospital family medicine residency and encourages intellectual pursuits, individual growth, innovation and learning.

We also want to thank seven very special individuals—the faculty at Abington Family Medicine—many of whom joined us in this project and with whom we daily share the joys and frustrations of academics, teaching and patient care—Gerald “Trip” Hansen, Mathew Clark, Amy Clouse, Tracey Roesing, Susan Kuchera Fidler, Meera Shah, and Bill Callahan.

Finally, we want to thank our families, who make it all worthwhile and who support us and put up with the sacrifices that a life in academic family medicine entails.

Deepest thanks, from John, to Elena, Dana, Erin, and Paul. Deepest thanks, from Neil, to Alison, Aaron and Ava. We (humbly) feel we have learned so much from each member of our family.
And…ok…thanks to each other.

Table of contents :
Introduction
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Behavioral Health
Chapter 1: Treatment Strategies in ADD-1999
Chapter 2: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Medications in Depression-2005
Chapter 3: Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (STAR*D)-2008
Chapter 4: Depression Screening Questions-2017
Chapter 5: Pre-operative Clearance (Goldman Criteria)-1977
Chapter 6: Thrombolysis in Acute Strokes (ECASS-II)-1998
Chapter 7: Rate Versus Rhythm Control in Atrial Fibrillation (AFFIRM)-2002
Chapter 8: Defibrillators in Low-Ejection Fraction Patients (MADIT-II)-2002
Chapter 9: Medical Versus Interventional Management of Stable CAD (COURAGE)-2007
Chapter 10: Dabigatran Versus Warfarin in Atrial Fibrillation (RE-LY)-2009
Chapter 11: Aspirin and Clopidogrel in Transient Ischemic Attacks (CHANCE)-2013
Chapter 12: Aspirin and Clopidogrel in High-Risk Transient Ischemic Attacks (POINT)-2018
Chapter 13: Dapagliflozin in Low-EF Congestive Heart Failure (DAPA-HF)-2019
Chapter 14: Early Rhythm Control in Atrial Fibrillation (EAST)2020
Chapter 15: Empagliflozin in Diastolic Heart Failure (EMPEROR)-2021
Part III: Diabetes
Chapter 16: Discovery of Insulin-1922
Chapter 17: Diabetes Control and Outcomes (DCCT)-1993
Chapter 18: Lifestyle and Diabetes Prevention (DPP)-2002
Chapter 19: Tight Control of Diabetes in Adult Patients (ACCORD)-2008
Chapter 20: Blood Sugar Control in Intensive Care Patients (NICE SUGAR)-2009
Chapter 21: Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Diabetes (LEADER)-2016
Part IV: Hypertension
Chapter 22: Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly (SHEP)-1991
Chapter 23: Dietary Patterns in Hypertension (DASH)-1997
Chapter 24: Comparison of Medications for Hypertension (ALLHAT)-2002
Chapter 25: Intensive Versus Standard Blood Pressure Control (SPRINT)-2015
Chapter 26: Intensive BP Control in Older Patients (STEP)-2021
Part V: Infectious Disease
Chapter 27: Penicillin for Strep Throat to Reduce Rheumatic Heart Disease-1950
Chapter 28: CDC’s Report of First Cases of AIDS in US-1981
Chapter 29: Decision for Hospital Admission for Community Acquired Pneumonia (PORT)-1997
Bottom Line
Chapter 30: Blood Testing for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Infections-2006
Chapter 31: Prophylaxis to Prevent HIV Infections (PREP)-2010
Chapter 32: URI Prescription Management-2016
Part VI: Lipids
Chapter 33: Lipid Lowering in Coronary Artery Disease (4S)-1994
Chapter 34: Intensive Versus Moderate Lipid Lowering for Acute Coronary Syndrome-2004
Chapter 35: Preventing Vascular Events with Rosuvastatin in Patients with Elevated CRP (JUPITER)-2008
Chapter 36: Adding Niacin to Statin Therapy in CAD (AIM-HIGH)-2011
Chapter 37: Novel Non Statin Therapy for Hyperlipidemia-PCSK9-2018
Chapter 38: Icosapent Ethyl for Elevated Triglycerides2019
Part VII: Nephrology
Chapter 39: ACE Inhibitors Impact on Slowing the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy-1993
Chapter 40: ARB and the Slowing of Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy 2001
Chapter 41: SGLT2 Inhibitors and Diabetic Renal Protection-2020
Chapter 42: Finerenone on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes-2020
Part VIII: Obesity
Chapter 43: Phen/Fen for Weight Loss-1984
Chapter 44: Semaglutide in Obesity (STEP-1 Trial)-2021
Chapter 45: Carbohydrate-Insulin Model for Obesity-2021
Chapter 46: Tirzepatide for Obesity-2022
Bottom Line
Part IX: Orthopaedics
Chapter 47: Signs of Non-organic Back Pain-1980
Chapter 48: Ottawa Ankle Rules-X-Rays in Ankle Injuries-1992
Chapter 49: Arthroscopic Surgery in Osteoarthritis-2002
Chapter 50: Exercise Prescriptions-2011
Chapter 51: Early Exercise in Concussions-2019
Part X: Other Areas of Medicine
Chapter 52: The Framework for Medical Records-1968
Chapter 53: Establishing a Biopsychosocial Framework for Medicine-1977
Chapter 54: Alpha Blockers and Finasteride for BPH-1996
Chapter 55: Sildenafil for Erectile Dysfunction-1998
Chapter 56: A Randomized Trial Comparing Conventional and Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms-2008
Part XI: Pediatrics
Chapter 57: Sleeping Position and SIDS-1993
Chapter 58: MMR and Autism 1998
Part XII: Pharmacology
Chapter 59: Vitamin C and the Prevention of Respiratory Infections-1974
Chapter 60: The Porter Letter: The Link between Long-Term Opioids and Addiction-1980
Chapter 61: Antioxidants and Macular Degeneration-2001
Part XIII: Preventive Medicine
Chapter 62: Periodic Health Screening-1975
Chapter 63: Fitness and Coronary Artery Disease-2004
Chapter 64: Smoking and Risk of Lung Cancer: A 50 Year Evaluation-2004
Part XIV: Pulmonary
Chapter 65: Adding LABA to Asthma Therapy (SMART)-2006
Chapter 66: Long-acting Beta-agonist Plus Inhaled Corticosteroid in COPD (TORCH)-2007
Chapter 67: Once-Daily Single-Inhaler Triple vs Dual Thearpy in Patients with COPD-2018
Chapter 68: As Needed LABA/ICS in Asthma (START)-2019
Chapter 69: Triple Inhaled Thearpy at Two Glucocorticoid Doses in Moderate-to-Very-Severe COPD-2020
Chapter 70: Introduction of Combined Hormonal Oral Contraceptives-1958
Chapter 71: Folic Acid to Reduce Neural Tube Defects-1992
Chapter 72: AZT Treatment to Prevent Maternal-Infant Transmission of HIV-1994
Chapter 73: Coronary Heart Disease and HRT (HERS Trial)-1998
Chapter 74: Endometrial Sampling Accuracy 2000
Chapter 75: HPV-16 Vaccine-2002
Chapter 76: Risks and Benefits of Estrogen/Progestin in Healthy Women (WHI)-2002
Index