First Aid Perioperative Ultrasound

Description:

This handbook is an up-to-date, evidence based quick, easy reference guide for expert regional anesthesia providers. It will also be an invaluable tool and a great entry point for amateurs’ sonographers who wish to understand the basics of ultrasound, its uses for diagnosis and treatment, current guidelines and standards of care. It presents in details challenges, stratification of risks, techniques, and approaches to facilitate effective ultrasound use in perioperative pain control and emergency room pain management. This uses an outline, schematic approach for easy understanding and retention.

The applications of ultrasound are vast and cover the full spectrum of ultrasound guided regional anesthesia. This book concentrates and encompasses the most clinically relevant information as a first aid use of perioperative ultrasound. The chapters are concise, focusing on clinical presentations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis which will help you to deliver patient care in a timely and skillful manner. This compact book is packed with relevant, remarkable information related to ultrasound guided techniques and evidence-based protocols and latest guidelines for regional anesthesia, nerve blocks, and opioid-reducing analgesia to promote early recovery after surgery.

Concise, practical, and clinically applicable for various specialties, this book fills the unmet need for understanding the usefulness and techniques of ultrasound and its application in perioperative pain management, in particular regional anesthesia and nerve blocks. This handbook enables every physician, nurse, resident and all medical staff to understand the essentials of ultrasound and regional anesthesia, its evolving techniques, and the use of modern equipment to provide patient care safely.

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Table of contents :

Contents
Contributors
Part I: Ultrasound Guided High-Yield Perioperative Regional Anesthesia
Safe Practice of Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia
1 Summary
References
Sonographic Image of Head and Neck Regional Anesthesia
1 Ultrasound Image of Superficial Cervical Plexus
1.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
2 Ultrasound Image of Cervical Root
2.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
2.2 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
2.3 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
2.4 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
3 Ultrasound Image of Great Auricular Nerve
3.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
4 Ultrasound Image of Lesser Occipital Nerve
4.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
5 Ultrasound Image of Greater Occipital Nerve
5.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
6 Ultrasound Image of Superior Laryngeal Nerve
6.1 High Frequency Probe; Long-Axis
7 Ultrasound Image of Cricothyroid Membrane
7.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
8 Ultrasound Image of Supraorbital Nerve
8.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
9 Ultrasound Image of Infraorbital Nerve
9.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
10 Ultrasound Image of Auriculotemporal Nerve
10.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
11 Ultrasound Image of Facial Nerve
11.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
Sonographic Image of Upper Extremity Regional Anesthesia
1 Ultrasound Image of Brachial Plexus
1.1 Ultrasound Image of Interscalene Brachial Plexus
1.1.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
1.2 Ultrasound Image of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus
1.2.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
1.3 Ultrasound Image of Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus
1.3.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
1.4 Ultrasound Image of Costoclavicular Brachial Plexus
1.4.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
1.5 Ultrasound Image of Axillary Brachial Plexus
1.5.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
2 Ultrasound Image of Radial Nerve
2.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
2.2 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
3 Ultrasound Image of Ulnar Nerve
3.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
3.2 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
4 Ultrasound Image of Medial Nerve
4.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
4.2 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
5 Ultrasound Image of Musculocutaneous Nerve
5.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
6 Ultrasound Image of Intercostobrachial Nerve
6.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
6.2 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
7 Ultrasound Image of Axillary Nerve
7.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
7.2 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
8 Ultrasound Image of Long Thoracic Nerve
8.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
8.2 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
9 Ultrasound Image of Thoracodorsal Nerve
9.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
10 Ultrasound Image of Suprascapular Nerve
10.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
10.2 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
11 Ultrasound Image of Dorsal Scapular Nerve
11.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
Sonographic Image of Lower Extremity Regional Anesthesia
1 Ultrasound Image of Femoral Nerve
1.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
2 Ultrasound Image of Fascia Iliaca Block
2.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
3 Ultrasound Image of Obturator Nerve
3.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
3.2 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
4 Ultrasound Image of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
4.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
5 Ultrasound Image of Saphenous Nerve
5.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
6 Ultrasound Image of Sacral Plexus
6.1 Low Frequency Probe; Long-Axis
6.2 Low Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
7 Ultrasound Image of Sciatic Nerve
7.1 Low Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
7.2 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
7.3 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
7.4 Low Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
8 Ultrasound Image of Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
8.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
9 Ultrasound Image of Pudendal Nerve
9.1 Low Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
10 Ultrasound Image of Peroneal Nerve
10.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
10.2 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
10.3 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
11 Ultrasound Image of Tibial Nerve
11.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
11.2 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
Sonographic Image of Thoracic Spine and Chest Regional Anesthesia
1 Ultrasound Image of Thoracic Paravertebral Space
1.1 Low Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
1.2 Low Frequency Probe; Long-Axis
2 Ultrasound Image of Erector Spinae Plane
2.1 Low Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
2.2 Low Frequency Probe; Long-Axis
3 Ultrasound Image of Serratus Plane
3.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
4 Ultrasound Image of Pectoralis Plane Blocks
4.1 High Frequency Probe
4.2 High Frequency Probe
5 Ultrasound Image of Intercostal Nerve
5.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
Sonographic Image of Lumbar-Sacral Spine and Abdomen Regional Anesthesia
1 Ultrasound Image of Transversus Abdominis Plane
1.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
1.2 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
1.3 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
2 Ultrasound Image of Quadratus Lumborum Plane
2.1 Low Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
3 Ultrasound Image of Rectus Sheath Plane
3.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
4 Ultrasound Image of Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric Nerve
4.1 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
5 Ultrasound Image of Lumbar Plexus
5.1 Low Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
5.2 Low Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
5.3 Low Frequency Probe; Long-Axis
6 Ultrasound Image of Posterior Ramus of Spinal Nerve
6.1 Low Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
6.2 Low Frequency Probe; Long-Axis
7 Ultrasound Image of Sacral Canal
7.1 High Frequency Probe; Long-Axis
7.2 High Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
8 Ultrasound Image of Spinal Canal
8.1 Low Frequency Probe; Short-Axis
8.2 Low Frequency Probe; Long-Axis
Part II: Evidence-Based Utilization of Opioid and Non-opioid Analgesics
Acetaminophen
1 Introduction
2 Mechanism of Action
3 Clinically-Relevant Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
3.1 Metabolic Pathways for Acetaminophen
3.1.1 Pharmacokinetics of Oral Versus Intravenous Acetaminophen
4 Practical Perioperative Use
5 Indications
6 Contraindications
7 Dosage Choice
8 Duration of Usage
9 How to Titrate Up and Down If Relevant
10 How to Continue/Stop Medication Preoperatively
11 How to Restart Postoperatively
12 Toxicity
12.1 Mechanism of Acetaminophen Toxicity
13 How to Use in Opioid Naïve Patients
14 How to Use in Chronic Pain Patients
15 How to Use in Hepatic or Renal Insufficient Patients (Including Dialysis Patients)
16 Evidence of Efficacy and Safety of Perioperative Use and Use in ERAS Protocols
References
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
1 Mechanism of Action
2 Pharmacology
3 Adverse Effects
3.1 Anaphylaxis/Asthma
3.2 Hematologic
3.3 Gastrointestinal
3.4 Renal
3.5 Hepatic
3.6 Cardiovascular
3.7 Central Nervous System
3.8 Pharmacologic
4 Perioperative Use
References
Anticonvulsants
1 Essential Basics
2 Practical Perioperative Use
2.1 Dosage
2.2 Toxicity and Adverse Reactions
2.3 Use in Renal and Hepatic Impairment
2.4 Use in Perioperative Care
References
Muscle Relaxants
1 Antispasmodics
2 Antispastics
3 Do Antispasmodics Help with Pain?
4 Perioperative Management of SMRs

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