Algorithms for Emergency Medicine

Description:

Delivering Emergency Medicine involves constant challenges to the emergency clinician, seen in the frequency of severely unwell patients, the wide breadth of conditions encountered, and the urgency required in diagnosis and treatment.

Concise, and, critically, accessible, Algorithms for Emergency Medicine supports the key decision-making requirements of clinicians working in the Emergency Department. Designed to support rapid problem solving, this resource covers everything from common non-life-threatening emergencies such as headaches to life-threatening acute events such as major traumas.

Each topic is divided into two; the left page provides essential knowledge, and on the right, an algorithm which guides the clinician in a step by step process in managing these conditions. Evidence based and up-to-date, this book follows the College of Emergency Medicine Curriculum, making it an invaluable resource for Emergency Nurse Practitioners, new doctors starting their placement in the Emergency Department, and trainee doctors working towards specialising in Emergency Medicine.

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Table of contents :

Cover
Algorithms for Emergency Medicine
Copyright
Preface
Contents
Detailed Contents
Contributors
Abbreviations
SECTION 1 Practical procedures
1 Basic life support
2 Airway protection
3 Rapid sequence induction
4 Cricothyroidotomy
5 Needle thoracocentesis
6 Pleural aspiration—pneumothorax
7 Intercostal drain—​seldinger
8 Intercostal drain—​open
9 Arterial blood gas sampling
10 Peripheral venous cannulation
11 Central venous cannulation
12 Intraosseous access
13 Urinary catheterization
14 Nasogastric tube insertion
15 Arterial cannulation and arterial pressure monitoring
16 Lumbar puncture
17 Abdominal paracentesis/​ascetic tap
18 DC cardioversion
19 Temporary pacing (external)
20 Knee aspiration
21 Fracture manipulation
22 Procedural sedation
SECTION 2 Airway and breathing
1 Anaphylaxis
2 Apnoea, stridor and airway obstruction
3 Pneumothorax/​haemothorax
4 Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
5 Pulmonary embolism
6 Acute heart failure
7 Cough
8 Cyanosis
SECTION 3 Cardiovascular
1 Cardiorespiratory arrest—​adult life support (ALS)
2 Cardiorespiratory arrest—​advanced paediatric life support (APLS)
3 Chest pain
4 Palpitations
5 Tachyarrhythmias
6 Bradyarrhythmias
SECTION 4 Abdominal
1 Acute abdominal pain
2 Rectal bleeding
3 Dehydration in children
4 Diarrhoea
5 Dysuria
6 Ectopic pregnancy
7 Haematemesis and melaena
8 Jaundice
9 Nausea and vomiting
SECTION 5 Neurological
1 The unconscious patient
2 Aggressive/​disturbed behaviour
3 Alcohol and substance abuse
4 Acute confusion/​delirium
5 Dizziness and vertigo
6 Fits/​seizures
7 Headache
8 Syncope and pre-​syncope
9 Weakness and paralysis
10 Stroke
11 Subarachnoid haemorrhage
SECTION 6 Trauma
1 Primary survey
2 Secondary survey
3 Head injury
4 Major trauma—​chest injuries
5 Major trauma—​abdominal trauma
6 Major trauma—​spinal injuries
7 Major trauma—​maxillofacial
8 Major trauma—​burns
9 Traumatic limb and joint injuries
10 Wound assessment and management
11 Shoulder examination
12 Elbow examination
13 Hand examination
14 Hip examination
15 Knee examination
16 Ankle examination
SECTION 7 Environmental emergencies
1 Heat stroke and heat exhaustion
2 Drug-​related hyperthermias
3 Hypothermia and frostbite
4 Electrical burns/​electrocution
5 Drowning
SECTION 8 Other medical
1 The septic patient
2 The shocked patient
3 Abnormal blood glucose—​diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
4 Abnormal blood glucose—​hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS)
5 Sickle cell crisis
6 Anaemia
7 Purpura and bruising in children
8 Leukaemia/​lymphoma in children
9 Bruising and spontaneous bleeding
10 Fever
11 The oliguric patient
12 Oncology emergencies
13 Poisoning/​self-​harm
14 Rashes
15 Acute red eye
16 Acute visual loss
17 Hyperkalaemia
18 Rhabdomyolysis
19 High INR
SECTION 9 Other surgical
1 Acute back pain
2 Epistaxis
3 Falls
4 Non-​traumatic limb pain and swelling
5 Acute neck pain
6 Painful ear (otalgia)
7 Sore throat
8 Scrotal pain
9 Acute urinary retention
10 Per-​vaginal bleeding
SECTION 10 Miscellaneous
1 Suicidal ideation
2 Needlestick injury
3 Pain management
Index