Mitral Valve Prolapse

The provided information explains Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), a heart condition where the mitral valve doesn’t form a tight seal between the atrium and ventricle, leading to blood flowing backward (mitral valve regurgitation). Here are the key points:

What is Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)?

MVP is a condition where the mitral valve between the atrium and ventricle on the left side of the heart doesn’t close properly, allowing blood to leak back into the atrium.

Causes and Risk Factors: The exact cause of MVP is not known, but it may be due to abnormal valve or connective tissue. Risk factors include:

• Family history of MVP.
• Infections in the heart lining or valves (endocarditis).
• Conditions like Down syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, or acute myocardial infarction (heart attack).

Signs and Symptoms:

Symptoms of MVP can include:

• Palpitations (fast or irregular heartbeat).
• Chest pain.
• Dizziness.
• Shortness of breath.
• Anxiety.
• Fatigue.
• Exercise intolerance. In many cases, there may be no symptoms.

Diagnosis:

MVP can be diagnosed based on symptoms, medical history, and various tests such as echocardiogram, X-rays, electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac catheterization, MRI, and exercise stress test.

Treatment:

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and the cause. It may include:

• Medications like beta blockers, vasodilators, diuretics, and blood thinners.
• Surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve.
• Catheter-based procedures to repair or replace the valve.
• Regular follow-up visits with a heart specialist if no symptoms are present.

Lifestyle Recommendations:

• Maintain a healthy weight and do regular exercise.
• Avoid using nicotine or tobacco products.
• Follow a heart-healthy diet with whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy.
• Limit alcohol consumption, if applicable.
• Maintain good oral health and inform the dentist about MVP and history of endocarditis.

When to Seek Medical Attention:

Contact a healthcare provider if you experience palpitations, fatigue, persistent cough, worsening MVP symptoms, or signs of infection. Seek immediate help if you have chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting.

Summary:

Mitral Valve Prolapse is a heart condition where the mitral valve doesn’t close properly, leading to blood leaking backward. Treatment varies based on symptoms and severity, and lifestyle changes are recommended. Regular follow-up with a heart specialist may be necessary.

This information is not a replacement for personalized medical advice from your healthcare professional, and any questions or concerns should be discussed with your healthcare provider.