Medical knowledge, Patient Education
IV Infiltration
IV infiltration occurs when fluid or medication from an IV leaks under the skin. This can happen if the IV needle is not properly inserted into the vein or if the needle shifts or punctures through the vein to the other side.
Causes of IV infiltration can include:
1. Incorrect positioning of the IV needle initially.
2. Movement of the IV needle after being correctly placed.
3. Inflammation or circulation issues near the IV needle.
Signs and symptoms of IV infiltration may include:
1. Pain at the IV site.
2. Swollen, tight, or stiff skin at the IV site.
3. White, red, or cool-feeling skin at the IV site.
4. A damp or wet bandage (dressing) at the injection site, if one is used.
5. Slower than normal flow of IV fluids or medications.
6. Burning sensation or skin damage at the IV site in severe cases.
Diagnosis of IV infiltration is based on a physical examination of the skin around the IV site. Healthcare providers may also perform tests to check for problems with the IV, such as slow flow of fluids or continued flow with pressure on the vein.
Treatment for IV infiltration depends on the severity of the reaction and the type of fluids or medications being administered. Mild cases of infiltration may be managed by removing the IV, applying ice or heat to the area, elevating the affected limb, and using a dressing if the site is leaking. In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove damaged skin.
At home, patients can manage pain, stiffness, and swelling by following healthcare provider instructions, using ice or heat as directed, and taking over-the-counter and prescription medications as recommended. It is important to avoid tight-fitting clothing, watches, or jewelry near the swollen area.
If any concerning symptoms occur, such as fever, chills, increasing swelling, or skin changes, it is essential to contact a healthcare provider. For more severe symptoms like darkening and peeling of the skin around the IV site, red streaks, or pus, immediate medical attention should be sought.
In summary, IV infiltration can occur when fluid or medication leaks under the skin from an IV. It may happen due to incorrect IV needle placement, needle movement, or inflammation near the IV site. Treatment involves various measures depending on the severity of infiltration, and it’s essential to follow healthcare provider instructions and seek medical attention if necessary.
