Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) refer to a family of non-coding RNA with ~22 nucleotides in length. A high number of studies show evidence that deregulation in miRNAs expression could be implicated in the processes of many pathologies such as cancer, hypoxia, and stroke. Herein, we aimed to summarize the miR-653 expression level and molecular mechanisms through which it functions in human cancer. It was found that variations in miR-653 expression are linked to tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis in human cancer, and it plays an inhibitory effect in some types of cancer, such as breast, cervical, liver, renal, and lung cancers. In contrast, it plays an acceleratory impact in some other cancers, such as bladder and prostate cancers. In gastric cancer, the role played by miR-653 is still controversial and will need to be elucidated in future studies. Future studies could definitely establish targeting miR-653 as a novel strategy in human cancer, from diagnosis to effective treatment.
Highlights
- • Studies on miR-653 are recent and show that miR-653 is involved in many biological processes including cancer.
- • miR-653 is differentially expressed in different types of cancer.
- • miR-653 has both prooncogenic and antioncogenic functions.
- • Targeting miR-653 could be a novel strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
1Introduction
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) refer to a family of RNAs which are non-coding and ~22 nucleotides in length. MiRNAs play a critical role in gene expression through posttranscriptional regulation, contributing to cell differentiation, organism development, and many other biological processes . The human genome contains several thousand genes, and several miRNAs also encoded in the genome may regulate these genes . MiRNAs contribute to suppressing gene expression by binding to the mRNA of target genes after transcription. The regulatory function of miRNA is governed by its seed sequence, which consists of 6–8 nucleotides at its 5′ end and is critical for the binding of the miRNA to the mRNA of the target gene .
miRNAs biogenesis begins with the transcription of genes coding or non-coding for protein, and their expression may be regulated during and after transcription . Intragenic miRNAs expression can show changes due to variations in the host genes’ expression levels or the methylation levels of the host genes’ promoter or miRNAs. Defective miRNAs biogenesis leads to the transcriptional regulation of their expression. Changes in miRNAs expression profiles can also be triggered by physiological or pathological conditions such as infections and hypoxia .
The expression level of miR-653 has been reported to show significant changes in different types of diseases including a variety of human cancers. These changes contribute to improving the progression of the tumor. miR653 could play as a tumor promoter in some types of cancers (by targeting anti-oncogenic genes such as MARCH 1) and as a tumor suppressor in others (by targeting pro-oncogenic genes such as GOLM1) . This study aimed to summarize the expression profile of miR-653 in different tumor organs and cells and highlight the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which it exerts its biological functions in these organs and cells.
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