Biophysical Osteoblast Stimulation for Bone Grafting and Regeneration

Description:

This book integrates the current basic and clinical knowledge in the area of biophysical stimulation of osteoblast for in vitro and in vivo live bone generation. This innovative methodology and its applications are presented and discussed in several clinical conditions: treatment of fracture nonunion, spine stabilization, bone replacement after tumor resections, stabilization of failed joint endoprostheses in revision surgery and in treatment of bone loss (osteoporosis and osteopenia).

The author analyses different types of biophysical stimulation of osteoblasts for bone regeneration, e.g. mechanical (static and alternating, including distraction osteogenesis), electromagnetic (pulsed, alternating, static), light (at different spectrum range, including laser), acoustic (including ultrasound), RF etc. Moreover, he summarizes and discusses the most significant findings for in vitro bone generation and its resulting clinical use as autologous bone graft without surgical morbidity.

Reflecting the author’s extensive experience this book is an excellent source of knowledge and a valuable aid to clinical practice for all orthopedic surgeons, fellows, and researchers wanting to gain insights into this promising field.

Preface

Facts relating to attempted osseous transplantations are few, the details concerning them are meagre, and the deductions drawn from them have been received with dubiety.

Sir William Macewen. Observations concerning transplantation of bone. Illustrated by a case of inter-human osseous transplantation, whereby over twothirds of the shaft of a humerus was restored. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 1981; 32:212–215.

This book, partially based on my Ph.D. thesis,1 provides an overview of the fascinating ability of bone to re-generate under external biophysical control. The clinical importance of this phenomenon is apparent because human skeletal support can recover after local or systemic damage. The main cellular component that governs this response is the osteoblast, which is highly susceptible to external biophysical stimulation.

This is not an encyclopedic text but rather an attempt to present the interrelation of cellular mechanisms with the potential to be tuned for the clinical application of different biophysical energies for bone regeneration by stimulating osteoblast metabolism.

Therefore, this text should help surgeons to understand the cellular mechanisms that underline the various currently used or predicted clinical methods for enhanced bone regeneration by biophysical methods.

Scientists may benefit from recognizing the clinical goals of the basic research into the biophysical stimulation of osteoblasts.

These mutual benefits are the primary goals of this book.

Table of contents :

Preface
Historic Insights
Contents
About the Author
Part I: In Vitro Bone Generation by Biophysical Stimulation. Prospective for Autologous Bone Grafting
1: The Theoretical Context of Biophysical Stimulation of Osteoblasts
References
2: Selected Research Methodologies of Biophysical Stimulation of Osteoblast
2.1 Osteoblast Explant Cultures
2.2 End Parameters
2.3 Cell Death and Proliferation Estimation
2.4 Cellular Maturation Estimation
2.5 Cell Cycle Profile
2.5.1 The Assessment of Glycolytic Activity
2.5.2 Experimental Setups for External Application of Alternating Biophysical Energy
2.6 Visible Light Irradiance
2.7 Electromagnetic Field
2.8 Mechanical Stimulation
2.9 The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Methodologies
References
3: Determination of In Vitro Generated Bone Tissue
References
4: The Osseointegration Potential of Engineered Bone-Like Tissue μm
4.1 The Bone-Like Tissue for In Vivo Implantation
References
5: The Clinical Potential of the In Vitro Generated Bone-Like Tissue
5.1 Translation from Basic Research to Clinical Practice
5.2 The Perspective for the Clinical Use of in Vitro-Generated Bone-Like Material
5.3 Conclusion
References
Part II: Clinical Applications of Biophysical Stimulation for Bone Regeneration
6: Local Vibration for Fracture Healing
References
7: Whole-Body Vibration Enhances Bone Regeneration: For Treatment of Osteoporosis
References
8: Distraction Osteogenesis
References
9: Evolving Clinical Modalities for Bone Regeneration by Biophysical Stimulation
9.1 Electromagnetic Stimulation for Bone Fracture Healing
9.2 Fracture Healing by Ultrasound Stimulation
9.3 Fracture Healing by Radiofrequency (RF) Electromagnetic Fields
References
10: To Summarize