Description
Perfect for clinicians in both primary and secondary care settings, Allergy Essentials, 2nd Edition, covers the information you need most in your daily practice, with a strong emphasis on disease diagnosis and management. In one concise, convenient volume, it covers all common allergies in children and adults, offering authoritative content from the world’s leading allergy experts in conjunction with primary care/family practitioners for a practical, balanced approach. You’ll find up-to-date information on everything from basic immunology and physiology to new medications, new therapies, and individualized treatment options, allowing you to confidently integrate these changes into your practice.
Table of contents
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Cover image
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Title page
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Table of Contents
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Any screen, Any time, Anywhere
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Copyright
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Preface
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Contributors
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1. Introduction to Mechanisms of Allergic Diseases
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Abstract
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Chapter Outline
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Summary of Important Concepts
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Introduction
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Innate Immunity
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Adaptive Immunity
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Immunoglobulin Structure and Function
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Immunoglobulins and Human Disease
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Immune Tolerance
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Cytokines and Chemokines in Allergic Inflammation
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Biology of Immune Cells
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Contribution of Structural Cells to Allergic Inflammation
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Cytokine Networks in Allergic Inflammation
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Microbiome and Immune System
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Food Allergy as a Model for Allergic Diseases
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Resolution of Allergic Inflammation and Major Pathways
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References
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2. Precision Medicine
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Abstract
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Chapter Outline
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Precision Medicine: A Brief History and Definition
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Evidence-Based Versus Precision Medicine
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Components of Precision Medicine in Allergic Disorders
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Precision Medicine in the Management of Allergic Disorders
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Biologics and Precision Medicine
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Challenges in Precision Medicine
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Summary
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References
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3. Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases
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Abstract
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Chapter Outline
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Summary of Important Concepts
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Introduction
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Epidemiological Definitions of Allergic Diseases: Part of the Challenge
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Estimates of Worldwide Prevalence of Asthma, Rhinitis, Ad, and Food Allergy
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Trends in Prevalence Over Time
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Risk Factors for Asthma and Allergic Diseases
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Concluding Remarks
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References
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4. Indoor and Outdoor Allergens and Pollutants
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Abstract
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Chapter Outline
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Summary of Important Concepts
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Introduction
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Allergens and Allergenicity
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Indoor and Outdoor Allergen Sources
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Aerobiology of Indoor and Outdoor Allergen Sources
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Allergen Monitoring—Whole Spores, Pollens, and Mites
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Measuring Specific Allergens
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The Chemical Nature of Allergens
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Allergen Nomenclature and Allergen Databases
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Outdoor Allergens
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Indoor Allergens
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Allergens and Allergenicity
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Environmental Modifiers of Allergic Sensitization and Disease
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Environmental Air Pollution, Allergic Sensitization, and Disease
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Types of Pollutant and Their Effects on Allergens, Allergic Sensitization, and Asthma
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Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Allergens
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Conclusions
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Acknowledgments
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References
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5. Principles of Allergy Diagnosis
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Abstract
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Chapter Outline
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Introduction
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Use of IgE Sensitization Tests in Epidemiology
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Pathogenesis and Etiology
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Clinical Features
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Patient Evaluation
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Referral
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Conclusions
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References
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6. Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy
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Abstract
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Chapter Outline
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Summary of Important Concepts
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Introduction
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Historical Perspective
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Indications for Specific Allergen Immunotherapy
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Clinical Efficacy with Specific Allergens
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Specificity of Allergen Immunotherapy
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Evidence of Disease Modification
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Pharmacoeconomics of Sit
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Immunologic Response to Inhalant Sit
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Overview of the Immune Response to Immunotherapy
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Indications for Sit
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Sublingual Immunotherapy
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Modified Allergen Extracts and Adjuvants (Box 6.6)
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The Future of Slit
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Conclusions
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References
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Suggested Reading
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7. Asthma
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Abstract
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Chapter Outline
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Summary of Important Concepts
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Introduction and Overview
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Historical Perspective
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Epidemiology
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Pathogenesis and Etiology
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Clinical Features and Phenotypes of Asthma
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Evaluation and Diagnosis
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Asthma Management
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Acute Asthma and Referral for Hospital Care
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Conclusions
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Asthma Diagnosis and Monitoring
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References
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8. Allergic Rhinitis and Conjunctivitis
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Abstract
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Chapter Outline
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Summary of Important Concepts
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Introduction
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Historic Perspective
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Epidemiology
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Pathogenesis and Etiology
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Treatment
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Indications for Referral
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Concluding Remarks
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References
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9. Drug Allergy
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Abstract
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Chapter Outline
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Summary of Important Concepts
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Introduction
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Historical Perspective
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Epidemiology
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Pathogenesis and Etiology
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Clinical Features (Phenotypes)
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Urticaria And Angioedema (Immediate Type)
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Maculopapular Exanthem (Delayed Type)
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Fixed Drug Eruptions (Delayed Type)
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Exfoliative Dermatitis (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis) (Delayed Type)
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Systemic Drug Reactions—Severe Drug Hypersensitivity Syndromes (DHS/DRESS) (Delayed Type)
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Isolated Drug-Induced Organ Damage (Delayed Type)
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Pediatric Aspects in Drug Allergy
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Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
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Drug Classes of Special Interest
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Treatment
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Referral
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Conclusions
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References
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10. Urticaria
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Abstract
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Chapter Outline
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Summary of Important Concepts
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Introduction and Historical Perspective
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Definitions and Classifications
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Epidemiology
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Natural History and Prognosis
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Disease Associations
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Pathogenesis and Etiology
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Diagnostic Approach
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Treatment of Urticaria
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References
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11. Atopic Dermatitis and Allergic Contact Dermatitis
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Abstract
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Chapter Outline
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Atopic Dermatitis
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Introduction
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Historical Perspective
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Epidemiology
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Pathogenesis And Etiology
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Clinical Features (Phenotype)
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Complicating Features
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Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Recalcitrant Disease
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Experimental and Unproven Therapies
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Conclusions Regarding Ad
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Allergic Contact Dermatitis
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Introduction
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Epidemiology
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Pathogenesis and Etiology
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Clinical Features
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Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Referral
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Conclusions Regarding ACD
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What’s New in ACD
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References
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12. Food Allergy and Gastrointestinal Syndromes
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Abstract
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Chapter Outline
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Summary of Important Concepts
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Introduction
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Epidemiology
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Clinical Features
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Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
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Food Allergy Treatment
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Emergency Management
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Conclusions
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References
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13. Anaphylaxis
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Abstract
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Chapter Outline
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Summary of Important Concepts
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Introduction
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Historical Perspective
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Epidemiology
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Pathophysiology
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Clinical Features (Phenotypes)
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Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Ongoing Management and Referral
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Conclusions
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References
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14. Occupational Allergy
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Abstract
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Chapter Outline
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Summary of Important Concepts
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Introduction and Definitions
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Epidemiology
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Pathogenesis and Etiology
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Clinical Features
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Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
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Outcomes and Treatment
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Prevention
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SocioEconomic Impact and Medicolegal Aspects
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Work-Related Anaphylaxis
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Conclusions
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References
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15. Insect Allergy
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Abstract
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Chapter Outline
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Summary of Important Concepts
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Stinging Insect Allergy
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Historical Perspective
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Epidemiology
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Etiology
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Insect Venoms
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Clinical Features and Classification of Reactions
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Patient Evaluation and Diagnosis
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Treatment of Acute Reactions
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Prevention of Acute Reactions
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Predictors of Risk for Sting Anaphylaxis
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Venom Immunotherapy
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Biting Insect Allergy
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Inhalant Insect Allergy
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Conclusions
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References
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A Appendix. Internet Resources
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Index
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